Спосіб визначення кутових переміщень лопатей

Abstract

Висвітлено особливості й специфіку реалізації нового високоточного безконтактного способу ідентифікації положення елементів обертового вітроколеса. У запропонований пристрій входять лазерне джерело з видимим світлом, світловідбивачі, встановлені на елементах лопаті, та світлоприймач для реєстрації відбитих сигналів. Розглянуто приклад оцінювання зміни положень елементів секційних лопатей вітродвигуна нового типу, який розробили і запатентували автори, залежно від швидкості вітру і навантаження на валу вітродвигуна. За цим способом отримано патент України на корисну модель № 123028 (опубл. 2.02.2018. – Бюл. №3).

Article describes the features and specificity of the identification of fast moving objects, mainly vane of wind turbines and helicopter rotors. Methods of non-contact determination of the coordinates of the points of various elements of rotating wind wheel are considered. New method and device for the high-precision determination of the deviations of multisectional vane of wind wheel developed elements are proposed. Blade sections are freely mounted on the wheel axle with eccentricity, which allows them to self-align and remain in aerodynamic equilibrium under the influence of wind force, the resistance to rotation from the counter flow of air and the load on the shaft of the windmill. Device for measuring the deflection angles of the vane section as function of external forces includes a laser source of visible light able to move the bunch vertically and to fix it on a tripod and laser reflectors. The last are installed on the sections surfaces, in front of the wheel rotating in the wind tunnel and screen with established measuring scale. It is located behind the laser source at a certain distance from the wheel. Passing the point of encounter with the laser beam, the reflectors guide it to the screen. Value of the beam deflection is proportional to the deflection angle of the vane element. Example of estimating the change in the elements positions for multisection vane of new type wind turbine is considered depending on the wind speed and the load on the windmill shaft. To determine the accuracy of the proposed method for different angles of wedging of the vane elements the tests are conducted. It is established that the deflection of the laser beam on the screen does not exceed two percent of the calculated value. Increasing the accuracy is possible by growing the distance between the light detector and the rotating wind wheel. The method developed by the authors for measuring the angular positions of quickly rotating vane allows determine the parameters of aerodynamic characteristics promptly and exactly as well as research the promising ways for gaining the power of wind turbines. The method can also be applied for testing helicopter propellers and vane.